Sauna
bathing is a form of whole body heat therapy that has been used in various
forms (radiant heat, sweat lodges, etc.) for thousands of years in many parts
of the world for hygiene, health purposes. , social and spiritual. The use of
the modern cheap sauna includes the traditional Finnish-style sauna, as well as the
Turkish-style ham mam, Russian banyan and other cultural variations, which can be
distinguished by the construction style, the heating source and the level of
heating. 'humidity. Traditional Finnish saunas are the most studied to date and
usually involve short exposures (5 to 20 minutes) to temperatures of 80 ° C to
100 ° C with dry air (relative humidity 10% to 20%) interspersed with periods
of increased humidity created. by the jet of water on heated rocks [1].
Over
the past decade, infrared sauna cabins have become increasingly popular. These
saunas use infrared emitters at different wavelengths without additional water
or humidity and generally operate at lower temperatures (45-60 ° C) than
Finnish saunas with similar exposure times [2]. The traditional Finnish and
infrared sauna bath may involve rituals of cooling and dehydration periods with
oral fluids before, during and / or after the sauna bath. Sauna baths are
inexpensive and widely accessible, with Finnish-style saunas more often used in
family, group and public settings and infrared saunas more commonly built and
marketed for individual use. Public saunas may be located in exercise
facilities, and the relationship between saunas and exercise, which may include
synergistic hermetic responses, is an area of active research [3-8]. The use of private saunas, particularly involving best infrared sauna, is also on the increase and saunas are used for physical
therapy in massage clinics, health spas, beauty salons, and household homes. This trend takes advantage of the
call for additional lifestyle interventions to improve health and well-being,
especially in populations who have difficulty exercising (e.g., obesity,
chronic heart failure, chronic renal failure and chronic liver disease) [9].
Facilities offering sauna baths often claim health benefits including
detoxification, increased metabolism, weight loss, increased blood circulation,
pain reduction, anti-aging, skin rejuvenation, improved cardiovascular
function, improved immune function, improved sleep, stress management and
relaxation. However, the rigorous medical evidence to support these claims is
scarce and incomplete, as highlighted by a recent multidisciplinary review of
sauna studies [10]. There is ample evidence to suggest that sauna baths can
induce profound physiological effects [4, 11-17]. Short-term intense heat
exposure raises skin temperature and core body temperature and activates
regulatory pathways through the hypothalamus [18] and the CNS (central
nervous system) leading to activation of the autonomic nervous system .
Activation of the sympathetic nervous system, the
hypothalami-pituitary-adrenal hormonal axis, and the
rein-angioplasty-testosterone system results in well-documented cardiovascular effects
with increased heart rate, cutaneous blood flow, cardiac output, and blood
pressure. sweating [1, 11]. The resulting sweat evaporates from the surface of
the skin and produces cooling that facilitates temperature homeostasis.
Essentially, sauna therapy capitalizes on the regulatory trait of
thermometer, the physiological ability of mammals and birds to maintain a
relatively constant core body temperature with minimal deviation from a set
point [19]. It is currently unclear whether steam one person sauna elicit the same degree
of physiological responses as dry saunas [20], as the higher humidity results
in water condensation on the skin and reduced evaporation of the water. sweat
[21]. At the cellular level, acute whole-body heat therapy (dry and wet forms)
induces discrete metabolic changes that include the production of heat shock
proteins, reduction of reactive oxygen species, reduction of oxidative stress
and activities of inflammatory pathways, increased bio availability of NO
(nitric oxide), increased sensitivity to insulin.
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